As of my last update in September 2021, transformers, in the conventional sense of electrical transformers used for voltage transformation, are not directly employed within electric vehicle (EV) powertrain systems. Transformers are typically not used for voltage transformation within the powertrain of electric vehicles due to several reasons:
DC Power Distribution: Electric vehicles generally utilize direct current (DC) power distribution systems rather than the alternating current (AC) systems where transformers are commonly applied.
Battery Voltage: EVs use high-voltage battery systems to power their electric motors. The power output from the battery is usually converted to the appropriate voltage level using power electronics, such as DC-DC converters, to suit the requirements of different vehicle components (e.g., motor, auxiliary systems).
Efficiency Concerns: Transformers inherently have losses associated with them, and in high-power applications like EV powertrains, minimizing energy losses is crucial to maximize efficiency and extend driving range.
However, it's essential to note that transformers can still play a role in charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. At charging stations or during grid-level power distribution, transformers might be used for voltage transformation to ensure efficient power transfer.
Moreover, the term "transformer" is also used in a different context when discussing the powertrain of electric vehicles. "Electric drive transformers" can refer to the high-frequency transformers used in some advanced motor drive systems (such as switched reluctance motors) to step up the voltage before it reaches the motor. These are not the same as conventional power transformers but serve a similar purpose in increasing voltage levels for specific motor designs.
It's possible that technological advancements or new developments beyond my last update could have led to novel applications of transformers in EV powertrains. Therefore, I recommend consulting more recent sources or technical experts in the electric vehicle industry for the latest information on this topic.