As of my last update in September 2021, electrified aviation for electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft was an emerging field, and power electronics played a crucial role in enabling the operation and efficiency of these aircraft. Keep in mind that the field might have advanced further since then, but I can provide an overview of how power electronics were used at that time.
Power electronics in eVTOL aircraft primarily served two main functions:
Electric Propulsion System:
eVTOL aircraft rely on electric propulsion systems to drive multiple rotors or ducted fans for vertical take-off and landing, as well as forward flight. Power electronics are used to efficiently manage the power flow between the energy source (typically batteries) and the electric motors driving the rotors or fans.
One of the key components in this system is the motor controller, which is a type of power electronic device responsible for converting the DC power from the batteries into the appropriate AC signals to drive the electric motors. The motor controller adjusts the frequency, voltage, and current to regulate the speed and torque of the motors, ensuring smooth and controlled flight.
Battery Management System (BMS):
Since eVTOL aircraft heavily rely on battery energy storage, the BMS is an essential part of the power electronics system. The BMS monitors and manages the charging and discharging of the batteries, ensuring they are operated within safe limits and optimal conditions. It also helps balance the charge among individual cells or battery packs, maximizing their lifespan and overall efficiency.
Some other aspects where power electronics can be involved in electrified aviation for eVTOL aircraft include:
Power Conversion: Converting the DC power from the batteries into various AC or DC voltages required by different subsystems of the aircraft.
Energy Regeneration: Some eVTOL aircraft might utilize regenerative braking during descent or landing to recapture energy and recharge the batteries. Power electronics enable this process by converting the mechanical energy of the rotors into electrical energy for storage.
Fault Protection: Power electronics play a role in detecting and mitigating faults or abnormal conditions in the electrical system, ensuring safe operation during flight.
It's important to note that advancements in power electronics technology have a significant impact on the performance, efficiency, and safety of eVTOL aircraft. As the field continues to evolve, further developments in power electronics are likely to enhance the capabilities of these aircraft, leading to more sustainable and efficient aviation solutions.