A basic resistive pressure sensor, also known as a resistive pressure transducer or strain gauge pressure sensor, is a type of sensor used to measure pressure variations in a system. The primary function of this sensor is to convert the applied pressure into a measurable electrical signal.
The basic structure of a resistive pressure sensor typically consists of a flexible diaphragm or element that is sensitive to pressure changes. This diaphragm is usually made of a material that deforms under pressure, such as metal or silicon. When pressure is applied, the diaphragm undergoes deformation, which causes a change in its resistance.
Here's how it works:
Pressure Application: When pressure is applied to the diaphragm of the sensor, it deforms or strains due to the force exerted by the fluid or gas.
Resistance Change: The deformation of the diaphragm causes a change in its electrical resistance. This change in resistance can be either an increase or decrease, depending on the design and material used.
Measurement Circuit: The resistive element is connected to a measurement circuit. The circuit is designed to apply a known excitation voltage to the resistive element and measure the resulting voltage or current across it.
Output Signal: The measured voltage or current is then converted into a pressure reading through calibration and signal processing. The output signal can be analog or digital, depending on the type of sensor and the application.
Pressure Measurement: By correlating the measured electrical output with the known pressure applied to the sensor, the pressure variation in the system can be accurately determined.
These resistive pressure sensors are commonly used in various industrial, automotive, medical, and consumer applications where pressure monitoring is essential. They offer a simple and cost-effective solution for measuring pressure changes in a wide range of environments. However, it's worth noting that their accuracy and range may vary depending on the specific design and quality of the sensor. For critical applications requiring higher accuracy, other types of pressure sensors like piezoelectric or capacitive sensors might be used.