The purpose of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is to protect people from electrical shock and prevent electrical fires caused by ground faults. A ground fault occurs when an electrical current from a hot wire unintentionally flows through an unintended path, such as through water or a person, instead of returning through the neutral wire.
The GFCI is designed to quickly detect even small imbalances in the electrical current between the hot and neutral wires. If it detects a difference in current of as little as 4-6 milliamperes, it rapidly interrupts the circuit, shutting off the power to the outlet or circuit. This swift interruption prevents the person or object in contact with the faulty circuit from receiving a dangerous electrical shock.
GFCIs are typically installed in areas where there is an increased risk of electrical shock, such as bathrooms, kitchens, garages, outdoor outlets, and near water sources. By quickly cutting off power in the event of a ground fault, GFCIs significantly reduce the risk of severe electrical injuries and protect against potential electrical fires caused by faulty electrical appliances or wiring.