A microcontroller is a compact and self-contained computer system integrated into a single chip. It combines the essential components of a computer (such as CPU, RAM, ROM/Flash memory, I/O ports, timers, and peripherals) on a single integrated circuit. Microcontrollers are designed to execute specific tasks or control applications in various devices, ranging from household appliances and automotive systems to industrial machinery and consumer electronics.
Here are the key components and functions of a typical microcontroller:
Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the brain