A magnetostrictive system in transportation networks converts vibrations into electrical energy through a process that involves the magnetostrictive effect and electromagnetic induction. Here's a step-by-step explanation of how this conversion takes place:
Magnetostrictive Material: The system utilizes a magnetostrictive material, which is a type of material that changes its shape in response to an applied magnetic field. This change in shape is known as the magnetostrictive effect.
Vibration Source: In transportation networks, there are often sources of mechanical vibrations, such as moving vehicles, trains, or machinery. These vibrations create mechanical stress in the magnetostrictive material.
Mechanical Stress: The mechanical vibrations cause the magnetostrictive material to experience periodic changes in mechanical stress. This stress leads to the expansion and contraction of the material in sync with the vibrations.
Magnetic Field: A permanent magnet or an electromagnet is placed in proximity to the magnetostrictive material. The magnetic field from the magnet interacts with the magnetostrictive material's changing shape due to the mechanical stress.
Magnetic Field Modulation: As the magnetostrictive material expands and contracts due to