Electrical distribution systems are used to deliver electrical power from the source (such as a power plant or a substation) to the end-users. There are several types of electrical distribution system configurations, each designed to cater to specific needs and requirements. Here are some of the most common configurations:
Radial Distribution System: This is the simplest and most common type of distribution system. In a radial system, power flows in one direction from the source to the end-users, with each end-user connected directly to the main feeder line. If a fault occurs on the main feeder, it can lead to an outage in all downstream end-users.
Ring Main Distribution System: In a ring main system, power is supplied in a circular path, forming a closed loop. Each end-user is connected to the ring, and the power can flow in either direction. This configuration offers some redundancy, as power can be supplied from multiple directions. If a fault occurs at any point, power can still be supplied to the end-users from the opposite direction.
Interconnected Distribution System: This configuration is used in larger power distribution networks where multiple substations are interconnected. The substations are connected to each other, forming a network grid. It offers more reliability and flexibility, as power can be rerouted in case of a fault or maintenance.
Radial Ring Distribution System: This is a combination of the radial and ring main systems. The power is supplied in a radial manner, but at certain points, the feeders are interconnected to form a ring. This configuration provides some redundancy and flexibility.
Parallel Feeder Distribution System: In this system, multiple feeders are run in parallel to cater to a large number of end-users. It helps in reducing the load on individual feeders, thereby enhancing reliability and reducing the chances of overloading.
Double Feeder Distribution System: This configuration involves providing two feeders to each end-user. One feeder acts as the primary source, while the other acts as a backup. If the primary feeder fails, the backup feeder automatically takes over, ensuring continuous power supply.
Closed Transition System: This system is used in applications where a momentary outage during switching between two power sources is unacceptable. It ensures a smooth and seamless transition from one power source to another, such as during generator synchronization.
These are some of the common electrical distribution system configurations. The choice of configuration depends on factors such as the size of the distribution network, the level of redundancy required, the criticality of power supply, and the overall cost considerations.