Multipath fading is a phenomenon that occurs in wireless communication systems when multiple copies of a transmitted signal take different paths to reach the receiver. These multiple paths can result from reflections, diffractions, and scattering of the signal due to obstacles, buildings, terrain, or other objects in the propagation environment. This phenomenon can lead to constructive or destructive interference of the signal components at the receiver, causing variations in signal strength and quality over time and space. The principles and impacts of multipath fading on alternating current (AC) signal transmission in wireless systems are as follows:
Principles of Multipath Fading:
Wave Superposition: When a transmitted signal encounters various obstacles and surfaces in its path, it can be reflected, diffracted, and scattered in different directions. These various components of the signal arrive at the receiver at slightly different times due to varying path lengths.
Phase and Amplitude Differences: The different paths that the signal components take can result in phase shifts and amplitude variations. Depending on the relative phase and amplitude of these components, they can either reinforce each other (constructive interference) or cancel each other out (