Under standard test conditions (STC), a solar cell's voltage output is typically around 0.5 to 0.6 volts for crystalline silicon solar cells. STC refers to a set of standardized conditions used to measure and compare the performance of solar cells and modules. These conditions include:
Irradiance: 1000 watts per square meter (W/m²)
Cell temperature: 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit)
Air mass: AM1.5 spectrum (typical sunlight conditions at sea level)
It's important to note that the actual voltage output of a solar cell can vary based on factors such as the type of solar cell material, manufacturing process, cell design, and environmental conditions. The voltage output may also change with varying levels of irradiance and temperature, which are common in real-world situations.
For more accurate and up-to-date information on the voltage output of specific solar cell technologies, it's recommended to refer to the manufacturer's datasheets or consult experts in the field.