Electromagnetic induction is a phenomenon where a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in a conductor. This phenomenon is fundamental to the operation of devices like transformers, generators, and motors. Eddy current loss is a type of energy loss that occurs due to electromagnetic induction.
When a magnetic field changes near a conductor (such as a metal plate or core), it induces circulating currents within the conductor. These circulating currents are called eddy currents. Eddy currents create their own magnetic fields, and the interaction between these induced magnetic fields and the original changing magnetic field leads to resistance and energy dissipation in the form of heat. This heat generation due to eddy currents is referred to as eddy current loss.
Eddy current loss can be minimized by using materials with high electrical resistance (to reduce the magnitude of the circulating currents) or by using laminated structures (to inhibit the flow of eddy currents). In transformers and other devices, laminated cores made of thin sheets of magnetic material are often used to reduce eddy current losses.
Eddy current loss is undesirable in many electrical devices because it leads to inefficiencies and wastage of energy in the form of heat. Therefore, engineers and designers take steps to mitigate these losses to improve the overall performance and efficiency of electromagnetic devices.