Magnetic Circuit and B-H Curve:
A magnetic circuit is analogous to an electric circuit but deals with the flow of magnetic flux instead of electric current. In a magnetic circuit, the key components are magnetic materials and the paths along which magnetic flux flows. Magnetic circuits are important in various applications, such as transformers, inductors, and electromagnets.
The B-H curve (also known as the magnetization curve or hysteresis loop) is a graphical representation of the relationship between the magnetic flux density (B) and the magnetizing force (H) applied to a magnetic material. It illustrates how the magnetic material responds to changes in the applied magnetic field. The B-H curve is crucial for understanding the behavior of magnetic materials and designing magnetic circuits.
A typical B-H curve consists of two branches: the magnetization curve when the magnetic field is increasing (magnetization) and the demagnetization curve when the field is decreasing (demagnetization). The B-H curve helps in determining important magnetic properties of materials, such as saturation, remanence (retentivity), coercivity, and permeability.
Fluxmeter:
A fluxmeter is an instrument used to measure magnetic flux. It detects and quantifies the magnetic lines of force passing through a particular area or material. Fluxmeters are employed in various applications, including magnetic material characterization, quality control, and research.
Here's how a fluxmeter generally works:
Hall Effect Sensors: One common method involves using Hall effect sensors. These sensors are placed in proximity to the magnetic material or the area through which magnetic flux passes. When a magnetic field is present, the Hall effect sensor generates a voltage proportional to the strength of the magnetic field.
Inductive Method: Another approach involves using an inductive coil wound around the material or area of interest. Changes in magnetic flux induce a voltage in the coil according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. This induced voltage can be measured and correlated with the magnetic flux.
Integration of Voltage: The output voltage from the Hall effect sensor or the inductive coil is integrated over time to determine the total magnetic flux passing through the area or material.
Calibration: To obtain accurate measurements, the fluxmeter needs to be calibrated using known magnetic fields or materials with well-defined magnetic properties.
Fluxmeters are versatile tools used in various fields, including material science, electronics, power systems, and magnetic component design.
In summary, a fluxmeter is an instrument used to measure magnetic flux, which is an important parameter in understanding magnetic behavior and designing magnetic circuits. The B-H curve, on the other hand, is a graphical representation of the relationship between magnetic flux density (B) and magnetizing force (H) in a magnetic material, providing insights into its characteristics.