Electrical Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) are devices designed to protect electrical equipment and systems from voltage surges or transient overvoltages. These surges can be caused by lightning strikes, power grid switching, or other electrical disturbances. There are several types of SPDs, each designed to address specific voltage surge protection needs. The main types of SPDs include:
Surge Protective Strips (Power Strips with Surge Protection):
These are the most common and easily recognizable SPDs. They are power strips that offer multiple outlets and include surge protection circuitry to safeguard connected devices from transient voltage spikes.
Plug-in SPDs:
These are standalone devices that plug directly into a standard electrical outlet and provide surge protection for the devices connected to them. They are commonly used for protecting sensitive electronic equipment like computers, televisions, and audio systems.
Hardwired SPDs:
These SPDs are permanently installed into the electrical distribution panel of a building or facility. They provide protection at the service entrance level and defend the entire electrical system of the building from surges.
Type 1 SPDs (Primary Surge Arrestors):
Also known as service entrance surge protectors, Type 1 SPDs are installed at the main electrical service entrance of a building or facility. They are designed to withstand and divert high-energy surges caused by direct lightning strikes.
Type 2 SPDs (Secondary Surge Arrestors):
Type 2 SPDs are typically installed at the electrical distribution panel or sub-panel within a building. They provide additional protection downstream from the Type 1 SPD and are designed to handle smaller surges.
Type 3 SPDs (Point-of-Use SPDs):
These are localized surge protectors designed for specific equipment or appliances. They are installed at the point of use and protect individual devices from transient voltage spikes.
Type 4 SPDs (Component Surge Suppressors):
Type 4 SPDs are designed to protect individual components within sensitive electronic equipment. They are often integrated into the equipment itself.
Type 5 SPDs (Combined Type 2 and Type 3 SPDs):
Type 5 SPDs are multi-pole devices that combine the features of both Type 2 and Type 3 SPDs. They are used to protect electrical installations from both external and internal surges.
It's important to note that the selection of the appropriate SPD type depends on the specific application, the level of protection required, and the overall electrical system setup. For comprehensive surge protection, a layered approach with different types of SPDs at various points in the electrical system is often recommended. Always consult with a qualified electrician or surge protection specialist to determine the most suitable SPD solution for your specific needs.