A resistor is an electrical component that is widely used in electronic circuits to control the flow of electric current. Its primary function is to resist the passage of electric current and create a specific amount of resistance in the circuit. The resistance of a resistor is measured in ohms (Ω).
Resistors are typically made of materials with high resistivity, such as carbon, metal, or semiconductor materials. They come in various shapes, sizes, and power ratings, depending on their intended use and the amount of power they need to dissipate.
When a voltage is applied across a resistor, it restricts the flow of current in the circuit according to Ohm's Law, which states that the current (I) flowing through a resistor is directly proportional to the voltage (V) applied across it and inversely proportional to its resistance (R): I = V / R.
Resistors are fundamental components in electronic circuits and are used for various purposes, such as limiting current, dividing voltage, setting bias points, protecting components, and performing other functions critical to the proper operation of the circuit. They can be found in almost all electronic devices, ranging from simple household appliances to complex computer systems and advanced electronic equipment.