In a voltage divider circuit, the output voltage is calculated by using the voltage division rule. This rule states that the voltage across a resistor in a series resistor network is proportional to its resistance compared to the total resistance of the network. The formula to calculate the output voltage in a voltage divider circuit is:
Vout = Vin * (R2 / (R1 + R2))
Where:
Vout is the output voltage across the second resistor (R2).
Vin is the input voltage applied to the circuit.
R1 is the resistance of the first resistor.
R2 is the resistance of the second resistor.
Here's a breakdown of the formula:
The fraction (R2 / (R1 + R2)) represents the ratio of the resistance of the second resistor (R2) to the total resistance of the circuit (R1 + R2).
Multiplying this fraction by the input voltage (Vin) gives you the voltage drop across the second resistor, which is the output voltage (Vout).
It's important to note that the voltage divider equation assumes an ideal scenario with negligible current flow through the connection between the two resistors (ideal connection), and where the load connected to the output doesn't significantly affect the voltage across the second resistor. If the load impedance is non-negligible, it could affect the actual output voltage.
Also, keep in mind that this formula is based on direct current (DC) analysis. For alternating current (AC) analysis, you need to consider the impedance of the resistors, and the phase relationships between voltages and currents.