An inverting amplifier is a type of electronic circuit used to amplify an input signal while inverting its polarity. It is commonly used in analog signal processing and amplifier applications. The basic components of an inverting amplifier circuit include an operational amplifier (op-amp) and two resistors.
Here's the schematic representation of an inverting amplifier:
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Copy code
R2
+--->###-----> Output
| | |
Vin R1|
| | |
+----###-----> Ground (0V)
|
Vin-
In this circuit:
Vin: The input signal whose voltage you want to amplify and invert.
Vin-: The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier.
R1: The feedback resistor connected between the output and the inverting input terminal.
R2: The input resistor connected between the inverting input terminal and the ground (0V) reference.
Output: The amplified and inverted output signal.
The gain (A) of the inverting amplifier is calculated using the following formula:
=
−
2
1
A=−
R1
R2
The negative sign in the formula indicates the inversion of the signal's polarity. The magnitude of the gain is determined by the ratio of the feedback resistor (R2) to the input resistor (R1). The gain can be adjusted by changing the values of these resistors. It's important to note that the gain is limited by the properties of the op-amp and the supply voltage used.
It's also worth mentioning that in practice, some considerations need to be taken into account, such as the input and output impedance, the bandwidth of the amplifier, and the voltage limits of the op-amp. Additionally, to achieve accurate amplification, the values of the resistors should be chosen carefully based on the desired gain and the properties of the components used.