An inverting amplifier is a basic operational amplifier (Op-Amp) circuit configuration that produces an inverted output with respect to the input voltage. It uses an operational amplifier with negative feedback to amplify an input signal while inverting its polarity. The circuit is commonly used in various analog applications, such as audio amplifiers and signal processing circuits.
The basic schematic of an inverting amplifier circuit looks like this:
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+Vcc
|
R1
|
Vin --|--- Op-Amp (configured as inverting amplifier) -- Vout
|
R2
|
GND
Where:
Vin is the input voltage.
Vout is the output voltage.
R1 and R2 are resistors.
Op-Amp is an operational amplifier.
The gain (voltage amplification) of the inverting amplifier circuit is determined by the ratio of the feedback resistor (R2) to the input resistor (R1). The gain (A_v) can be calculated using the formula:
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A_v = -R2 / R1
It's important to note that the gain is negative, which means the output voltage will be inverted with respect to the input voltage. The magnitude of the gain (|A_v|) is the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage.
Keep in mind that in practical applications, the actual gain may slightly deviate due to various factors such as the open-loop gain of the operational amplifier, input/output impedance, and limitations in resistor tolerances. Therefore, precise design and component selection are necessary for accurate results in real-world applications.