A magnetostrictive system in industrial processes converts mechanical vibrations into electrical power through the principle of magnetostriction. Magnetostriction is a property exhibited by certain materials, wherein they change their shape or dimensions when subjected to a magnetic field.
Here's how the process typically works:
Magnetostrictive Material: The system uses a magnetostrictive material as its core component. Commonly used materials include Terfenol-D (terbium, dysprosium, and iron alloy) and nickel.
Mechanical Vibration: Mechanical vibrations or stress are applied to the magnetostrictive material. This can be achieved in various ways, depending on the specific industrial process. For example, it could be due to the oscillation of a structure, pressure fluctuations in a fluid, or any other source of mechanical motion.
Magnetostrictive Response: The mechanical vibration induces changes in the dimensions of the magnetostrictive material. This deformation is directly related to the intensity of the mechanical stress applied.
Magnetic Field: A constant or varying magnetic field is applied to the magnetostrictive material. This magnetic field interacts with the material's changing dimensions.
Electrical Output: The interaction between the mechanical deformation and the magnetic field generates electrical output. When the magnetostrictive material changes shape due to the mechanical vibration, it causes fluctuations in the magnetic flux within the material. These fluctuations induce an electromotive force (EMF) across the material, leading to the generation of electrical power.
Harvesting Electrical Power: The electrical power generated can be used to power sensors, actuators, or any other electronic components in the industrial process. The energy conversion efficiency depends on various factors such as the material properties, the intensity of mechanical vibrations, and the strength of the magnetic field.
Magnetostrictive systems are utilized in various industrial applications, such as vibration energy harvesters, sensors, and power generators. They offer advantages like high reliability, durability, and a wide range of operating temperatures, making them suitable for a diverse range of environments and processes.