In electrical engineering, a conductor refers to a material or medium that allows electric current to flow through it with relatively low resistance. Conductors are essential components in electrical circuits, as they facilitate the movement of electrons, which carry the electric charge. Metals are the most common type of conductors used in electrical engineering, with copper and aluminum being widely utilized due to their excellent conductivity and availability.
Conductors are typically used to connect various components within an electrical circuit, such as power sources, switches, resistors, capacitors, and other devices. They are often in the form of wires or cables, which can be insulated to prevent unintended contact with other conductors or objects, thereby ensuring safety.
In contrast to conductors, insulators are materials that have high resistance to the flow of electric current. Insulators are used to separate conductors from each other and from the environment, preventing unintended short circuits and ensuring the proper functioning of electrical systems.