The primary function of a conductor in an electrical circuit is to provide a pathway for the flow of electric current. Conductors are materials that have a high density of mobile electric charges (usually electrons) that can move freely within the material when a voltage difference is applied across it. This movement of electric charges constitutes an electric current.
Conductors are used to connect various components within an electrical circuit, such as power sources (like batteries or generators) and loads (such as light bulbs, motors, or other devices). They facilitate the transfer of electrical energy from the source to the load, allowing the intended function of the circuit to occur.
Common examples of electrical conductors include metals like copper, aluminum, and silver. These materials have a large number of loosely bound electrons in their atomic structure, enabling them to conduct electricity efficiently. In contrast, insulators have tightly bound electrons and do not allow easy movement of electric charges, making them suitable for insulating and protecting the conductors and other circuit components.