The average voltage of an AC (Alternating Current) waveform can be calculated using the formula for the mean value of a periodic function. For a simple AC waveform that varies sinusoidally, such as a sine wave, the formula is:
Average Voltage = (2 * Vmax) / π
Where:
Vmax is the maximum amplitude of the AC waveform.
The reason the formula is (2 * Vmax) / π is because the average value of a sine wave over a full period is 2 * Vmax / π. Since the average value of a sine wave over half a period is 1/2 of the average value over a full period, we get (2 * Vmax) / π for the average voltage.
This formula assumes a perfect sinusoidal waveform. In practice, AC waveforms can be more complex due to harmonics and distortion, so the average voltage calculation may vary depending on the specific waveform shape.