A thermoelectric textile is designed to utilize the concept of the thermoelectric effect to convert heat energy into electrical power. The thermoelectric effect is a phenomenon where a temperature difference between two different materials generates an electric voltage. This effect is based on the Seebeck effect, which states that when there is a temperature gradient across a material, a voltage difference is created, leading to the flow of electric current.
Here's how a thermoelectric textile works to convert body heat into electrical power:
Thermoelectric Material Selection: The textile is typically woven or coated with thermoelectric materials that have a high Seebeck coefficient. These materials are chosen for their ability to generate a significant voltage difference in response to temperature gradients.
Temperature Gradient Creation: When the thermoelectric textile comes into contact with the body, it forms a temperature gradient. The side of the textile in contact with the body becomes warmer, while the other side facing the environment remains relatively cooler.
Voltage Generation: The temperature gradient across the textile causes a voltage difference to develop between the warm and cool sides. This voltage potential drives the flow of electric current within the textile.
Electric Current Generation: The electric current flows through the thermoelectric material and is collected by electrodes embedded in the textile. These electrodes are strategically placed to ensure efficient collection of the generated electricity.
Power Output: The collected electric current can then be used to power small electronic devices or stored in a battery for later use.
It's important to note that while thermoelectric textiles have the potential to harness body heat for power generation, their efficiency is currently limited. The temperature difference between the human body and the surrounding environment is relatively small, which affects the overall power output. Additionally, the materials used for thermoelectric conversion may have certain limitations in terms of efficiency and flexibility.
Researchers are actively working on improving the efficiency and practicality of thermoelectric textiles, exploring new materials, designs, and fabrication techniques to enhance their performance. As technology advances, we may see more effective and practical applications of thermoelectric textiles for harvesting body heat and converting it into electrical power.